Generative AI Without Guardrails Can Harm Learning — A Turkish High-School RCT of GPT Tutors
Türkiye
A randomised trial of nearly 1,000 Turkish high-schoolers found unrestricted GPT-4 ('GPT Base') lifted practice scores 48% but cut unassisted …
Sierra Leone · Port Loko · See the Sierra Leone profile
Evidence: Randomised controlled trial Top 8% 73/100 · Ask Evidence Copilot about this practice
A pre-registered 8-week RCT of Google DeepMind's Gemini "Guided Learning" tutor across 1,763 students in 12 Port Loko schools found a +0.258 SD math gain (0.380 SD for high-usage students) — but higher-baseline students benefited most, an equity gap flagged by researchers.
Google DeepMind, with Fab AI, Sierra Leone's Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education, Google.org and the Gates Foundation, ran a pre-registered RCT of the Gemini-based "Guided Learning" Socratic math tutor across 12 government-supported junior secondary schools in Port Loko District, Sierra Leone, from 6 October to 5 December 2025.
1,763 Grade 7-8 students across 48 classrooms were randomised to Guided Learning or business-as-usual control; the intent-to-treat effect on externally validated math scores was +0.258 SD (0.380 SD for students meeting a 12-hour usage threshold); 69% of students met usage targets versus a ~5% typical baseline; however, higher-baseline students benefited more than lower-baseline students, widening the achievement gap.
Implementation detail (cost, timeline, staffing, conditions for success) is not yet available for this practice.
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Türkiye
A randomised trial of nearly 1,000 Turkish high-schoolers found unrestricted GPT-4 ('GPT Base') lifted practice scores 48% but cut unassisted …
United States of America
A Stanford AI co-pilot gives live, expert-style suggestions to human maths tutors mid-session. A randomised trial with 900 tutors and …
United Kingdom
England's Department for Education and the Incubator for AI selected up to 8 edtech/AI firms, backed by £300,000 each, to …
Côte d'Ivoire
A 22-week difference-in-differences evaluation of the EvidenceB adaptive-learning platform at Gagnoa's Technical and Vocational High School found active users gained …
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