The Netherlands piloted its Fundamental Rights and Algorithms Impact Assessment on 15 government algorithms in 2023-24, testing whether agencies can systematically check …
Amsterdam and Helsinki launched the world's first public algorithm registers in 2020; Amsterdam's now lists ~60 systems, folded into a mandatory Dutch …
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Good practice
Evidence: Observational / pre–post
Top 13%80/100
Amsterdam spent about five years and roughly €535,000 building Smart Check, a welfare-fraud screening algorithm engineered to avoid discrimination. A live 2023 …
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Good practice
Evidence: Observational / pre–post
Top 24%73/100
Rotterdam has published 31 municipal algorithms — from parking enforcement to benefit eligibility — on the Dutch algorithm register, after a 100+-interview …
Rotterdam, Netherlands
Good practice
Evidence: Observational / pre–post
Top 35%67/100
The Netherlands' mandatory Algoritmeregister lists 609 government algorithms — one of Europe's largest public registers — but the national Court of Audit …
The Hague, Netherlands
Good practice
Evidence: Descriptive / self-reported
Top 49%60/100
Rijkswaterstaat instrumented the Hollandse Brug motorway bridge with 146 strain, vibration and temperature sensors during its 2016 reinforcement, turning it into a …
The Dutch government's SSC-ICT is rolling out vlam-chat, a secure generative-AI assistant using European open-source models hosted in a government data centre, …
After tightening its generative-AI rules in February 2025, Amsterdam piloted ChatAmsterdam with 800+ civil servants over six months (34,000+ prompts, 10,000+ chats), …
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Good practice
Evidence: Quasi-experimental
Top 65%53/100
UWV has screened unemployment-benefit claims with a risk-scoring algorithm since 2022. The Netherlands Court of Audit's 2025 review found flagged cases yield …
The Dutch tax authority's algorithm treated dual nationality as a fraud indicator, wrongly accusing ~26,000 families of childcare-benefit fraud and pushing 3,532+ …