Serbia's 40% Electoral Gender Quota — From One-in-Three to Near-Parity Party Lists (2020-2025)
Serbia
Serbia's 2020 electoral reform raised the mandatory gender quota on party lists from one-in-three to 40%, with non-compliant lists barred …
Djibouti · Djibouti City · See the Djibouti profile
In 2018 Djibouti raised its legal candidate quota for women from 10% to 25%, with non-compliant party lists ruled inadmissible. Women's seats jumped from 10.8% to 26.2% that year, but fell to 23.1% in 2023, below the mandated floor.
Djibouti's National Assembly first set a 10% legal candidate quota for women in 2002 (Law No. 192/AN/02/4th L). Following a 2017 IPU-supported gender-sensitivity self-assessment, it passed Law No. 219/AN/18/7th L on 11 January 2018, raising the quota to 25% and making non-compliant party lists legally inadmissible.
In the February 2018 election, women's share of National Assembly seats rose from 10.8% to 26.2% — a 15.4 percentage-point jump the IPU called among the largest gains recorded anywhere that year. By the 2023 election, however, only 15 of 65 seats (23.08%) went to women, falling below the legally mandated 25% floor.
The source notes the 2023 shortfall illustrates a common weakness of list-based quotas: a formal inadmissibility rule can be satisfied on paper while placing women low on party lists still limits how many are actually elected.
Implementation detail (cost, timeline, staffing, conditions for success) is not yet available for this practice.
Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.
Serbia
Serbia's 2020 electoral reform raised the mandatory gender quota on party lists from one-in-three to 40%, with non-compliant lists barred …
North Macedonia
North Macedonia raised its candidate-list gender quota to 40% via Electoral Code amendments, but seat shares have since slipped from …
Greece
The Decision 65/2019 by the Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece establishes 40% gender quota for the candidates at …
Kosovo's Law No. 03/L-073 (2008) mandates ≥30% of each gender on Assembly candidate lists, alternating every 3 names. Women's Assembly …
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