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Good practice Imported

Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs (DAIP) — The Original Duluth Model for Domestic-Violence Perpetrators

United States of America · Duluth · See the United States of America profile

Evidence: Quasi-experimental Top 47% 67/100 · Ask Evidence Copilot about this practice

Founded 1981, Duluth's DAIP pioneered the coordinated-community-response model for holding domestic-violence perpetrators accountable. US DOJ meta-analysis rates it 'Promising' for reducing victimization, but a 29-effect-size review found no significant recidivism effect.

0.19 d
Effect size, violent-offense recidivism reduction
0.35 d
Effect size, victim-reported abuse reduction
Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs (DAIP) — The Original Duluth Model for Domestic-Violence Perpetrators

Details

Maturity
Established
Promoter
Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs (DAIP)
Period
1981–present
Keywords
domestic violence, criminal justice, coordinated community response, batterer intervention

Context

Founded in 1981 in Duluth, Minnesota, DAIP created the 'Duluth Model': a coordinated community response combining police, courts, probation and social services with a psychoeducational group programme for men who used violence against a partner, built around the Power and Control Wheel framework.

Results

DOJ CrimeSolutions rates Duluth-model programming 'Effective' for reducing violent-offense recidivism (d=0.19) and 'Promising' for reducing victim-reported abuse (d=0.35), based on a meta-analysis of 22 studies covering 5,536 participants. Arias, Arce & Vilarino's 2013 meta-analysis of 29 effect sizes found no statistically significant recidivism reduction.

Conclusions

Despite a contested effectiveness record that the programme's own literature acknowledges, the Duluth curriculum has been the most widely replicated perpetrator-programme template worldwide for over four decades.

Implementation
Indicative cost
Low (< €50k)
Time to results
Long (> 3 years)
Staffing & skills
Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs (DAIP), police, courts and probation partners, social services

Conditions for success

  • Coordinated community response across police, courts and social services
  • Sustained multi-agency commitment

Common failure modes

  • Contested effectiveness: a separate meta-analysis found no significant recidivism reduction

Commonly funded by

National / regional programmes

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Data sources

Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.

Attachments

Where it's been adopted

Documented replications and adaptations of this practice elsewhere.

PlaceWhenAdopterOutcome
Norway — Alternativ til Vold National adaptation of the Duluth perpetrator-intervention curriculum in Norway.

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