Good practice

Reforma Eleitoral 'Paridade e Alternância' do Equador — Paridade de Género 50/50 Obrigatória em Todas as Listas de Candidatos (2020)

Ecuador · Quito · See the Ecuador profile

A reforma eleitoral equatoriana de 2020 tornou obrigatória a paridade de género alternada 50/50 em todas as listas de candidatos. As mulheres na Assembleia Nacional passaram de ~30% para 39,4% em 2021 e 43,1% em 2023; o gabinete do Presidente Noboa atingiu 47% de mulheres em 2024.

~30% → 39.4%

Mulheres na Assembleia Nacional (to 2021)

43.1%

Mulheres na Assembleia Nacional (2023)

Reforma Eleitoral 'Paridade e Alternância' do Equador — Paridade de Género 50/50 Obrigatória em Todas as Listas de Candidatos (2020)

Details

Maturity: Established
Promoter: Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador / Consejo Nacional Electoral
Period: 2020–present
Keywords: government, electoral reform, political representation, gender mainstreaming

Context

A reforma eleitoral do Equador de 2020 (Lei Orgânica Reformadora do Código da Democracia) impôs a paridade de género 50/50 com alternância em todas as listas de candidatos.

Results

A quota de mulheres na Assembleia Nacional subiu de cerca de 30% antes da reforma para 39,4% em 2021 e 43,1% em 2023, e o governo de 2024 alcançou 47% de mulheres.

Implementation

Implementation detail (cost, timeline, staffing, conditions for success) is not yet available for this practice.

Data sources

Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.

C-NAPSE web research — accessed 2026-06-23
Asamblea Nacional del Ecuador / Consejo Nacional Electoral — accessed 2026-06-23
SciELO peer-reviewed evaluation (2023) — accessed 2026-06-23
IPU Parline — Ecuador National Assembly data on women — accessed 2026-06-23
UN Women Ecuador — Democracia Paritaria — accessed 2026-06-23
NDI — Advocating for Women's Political Participation in Ecuador — accessed 2026-06-23
IFES — Stronger Together: Women and Men Unite for Equality in Ecuador's Political Parties — accessed 2026-06-23

Attachments

Source image

Quality score: 96/100

How is this calculated?

Evidence: Observational / pre–post

Top 4% in this catalogue (719 scored practices)

Scores cluster high, so position within the catalogue is often more telling than the number alone.

Evaluation

Evaluated by C-NAPSE

Score profile — the dimensions behind the score — how it's computed

Transferability / replicability2/3

The alternating-parity list model has been replicated across Latin America (Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico), but odd-numbered districts require adaptation — limiting score to 2.

Impact on gender equality1/1

Women's share of National Assembly seats rose from ~30% to 43.1% (2023) per IPU Parline, a 13-percentage-point gain over two electoral cycles.

Effectiveness1/1

Parity lists raised representation above historical norms in both 2021 and 2023, though structural odd-district effects prevented full 50% parity from translating to 50% elected.

Efficiency1/1

A single Electoral Code amendment produced a 13 pp representation gain at near-zero direct cost — among the most cost-effective gender interventions documented in Latin America.

Evaluated outcomes1/1

A 2023 peer-reviewed SciELO study provides regression analysis of the reform's descriptive representation impact, corroborated by UN Women Ecuador and IFES monitoring.

Sustainability1/1

The parity requirement is constitutionally embedded and was reaffirmed by the National Assembly in 2022; gains held and improved in the 2023 elections.

Achievement / evidence1/1

IPU Parline confirms 43.1% women in National Assembly in 2023, the highest in Ecuador's history; Noboa cabinet at 47% in 2024.

Gender-mainstreaming embedding1/1

Parity and alternation apply at all electoral levels — national, provincial, cantonal and parochial — embedding gender equality throughout the entire political system.

Curator validation1/1

Multiple independent sources (SciELO, UN Women Ecuador, IPU Parline, IFES, NDI) corroborate both the reform mechanism and its measured outcomes.

Cite this

Evidoria. Reforma Eleitoral 'Paridade e Alternância' do Equador — Paridade de Género 50/50 Obrigatória em Todas as Listas de Candidatos (2020). Persistent ID: ef77cb61-d074-45ff-93d3-ce5a7eef965f.

Export as decision brief (PDF)

Similar practices you may find useful

★ 74

Georgia's Mandatory Electoral Gender Quotas — Women's Representation Gains and Quota Reversal (2020–2024)

Georgia

Georgia's 2020 Electoral Code required every 4th party-list seat to go to a person of a different gender. Women in …

★ 96

Mexico's "Paridad en Todo" Constitutional Reform 2019 — Gender Parity Across All Institutions

Mexico

Mexico's 2019 "Paridad en Todo" constitutional reform extended mandatory 50/50 parity from legislature lists to all public institutions. By 2024: …

★ 85

Senegal's 2010 Gender Parity Law (Loi sur la Parité)

Senegal

Senegal's 2010 parity law requires alternating male-female candidate lists. Women's share of the National Assembly nearly doubled to about 43% …

★ 85

Paridad en Todo — Mexico's 2019 Constitutional Gender Parity Reform

Mexico

Mexico's 2019 constitutional reform mandates gender parity across all three branches of government at every level. Congress reached near-parity after …