Sweden's Reserved 'Daddy Months' in Parental Insurance (Pappamånaden 1995–2016)
Sweden
Sweden's daddy months — 1 non-transferable month for fathers in 1995, 2 in 2002, 3 in 2016 — cut the …
Japan · Tokyo · See the Japan profile
Since 2007, Japan's MHLW certifies employers meeting childcare-leave targets under the 'Kurumin' mark. Over 4,900 firms were certified by early 2025, though no independent study isolates the certification's own causal effect.
Under Japan's Act on Advancement of Measures to Support Raising Next-Generation Children, employers with more than 100 staff must file a public action plan for work-life-balance support. Companies that meet their plan's goals and satisfy the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's published standards can apply for 'Kurumin' certification, and higher-performing employers can reach 'Platinum Kurumin' status; a 'Try Kurumin' entry tier was added in April 2022.
Certification standards are numeric and gender-specific: employers must reach defined thresholds for the share of eligible female employees taking childcare leave (around 75% or higher) and, separately, growing minimum thresholds for male childcare-leave uptake — historically a stark gender gap in Japan — alongside limits on excessive overtime. The Ministry publishes and periodically tightens these criteria, most recently in a 2025 revision, and maintains a public prefecture-by-prefecture register of certified employers, which can be used in public-procurement scoring and recruitment marketing.
As of February 2025, secondary reporting citing the Ministry's own published certification register put the cumulative total at 4,943 Kurumin-certified companies and 724 Platinum Kurumin companies, up from a much smaller base at the scheme's 2007 launch. The certification measures compliance with input targets (leave-uptake rates, overtime limits) rather than downstream outcomes, and — because participation is voluntary — the sources reviewed do not include an independent study isolating how much of any observed gain is caused by the scheme itself versus self-selection by already family-friendly employers.
Read the full analysis: https://www.nissay.co.jp/enjoy/keizai/185.html
Implementation detail (cost, timeline, staffing, conditions for success) is not yet available for this practice.
Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.
Sweden
Sweden's daddy months — 1 non-transferable month for fathers in 1995, 2 in 2002, 3 in 2016 — cut the …
Norway
Norway's 1993 father's quota (fedrekvote) reserves non-transferable paid parental leave for fathers, driving uptake from 2.4% (1992) to 90%. Expanded …
Japan
Japan's 2022 Child Care Leave Law amendment created a postnatal paternity leave of up to 28 days within the first …
Iceland
Iceland's 2021 reform expanded paid parental leave to 12 months with 6 months per parent non-transferable, raising fathers' average leave …
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