Groningen's Traffic Circulation Plan (1977) — Four Sectors Closed to Through Car Traffic in One Night
Netherlands
In 1977 Groningen split its centre into four sectors with no car links between them. Evaluations found car traffic down …
Austria · Vienna · See the Austria profile · See the Vienna profile
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Vienna cut its annual transit pass from €449 to €365 in May 2012. Annual pass holders reached about 822,000 by 2019 (≈43% of residents), but sources report only a modest modal-share effect; the price rises to €467 in 2026.
On 1 May 2012 Vienna's Wiener Linien cut the annual pass for the whole city from €449 to €365 — one euro a day — becoming the reference model for 365-euro tickets in Central Europe. Annual tickets sold roughly doubled within five years, reaching about 822,000 holders by 2019 in a city of about 1.9 million.
However, analyses cited by the German transport association VDV report that public-transport modal share (about 37–39% around 2012) did not change significantly after the introduction, and the effect on passenger numbers was rather modest. The ticket sits within a wider package of dense service, parking management and a strong network, which makes attribution difficult.
The price stayed at €365 until 2022 and is set to rise to €467 from 2026 (announced September 2025), which tests the model's fiscal sustainability.
Read the full analysis: https://www.vienna.at/prices-for-annual-pass-of-wiener-linien-and-parking-permit-increase/9641168
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Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.
Netherlands
In 1977 Groningen split its centre into four sectors with no car links between them. Evaluations found car traffic down …
Belgium
Ghent's April 2017 Circulation Plan split the centre into six sectors and a car-free core to remove through traffic (~40% …
United States of America
On 16 Aug 2015 Houston METRO replaced hub-and-spoke bus routes with a frequent grid, with no added operating budget. Sunday …
Senegal
Launched March 2024, Dakar's 18.3km BRT runs 144 electric buses between Dakar and Guédiawaye, targeting 300,000 daily passengers and cutting …
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