Empowered diplomacy: bridging the gender gap
Slovenia
While the subject of gender equality in diplomacy has received increased academic attention in recent years, the search for answers …
Literature / resource
Imported
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Do Women Pay a Higher Price for Power? Gender Bias in Political Violence in Sweden
Sweden · Upsala · National · See the Sweden profile
Violence and intimidation against politicians is gaining attention in research on obstacles to political gender equality, but we still do not know whether women experience more violence as politicians than men. This article provides the first comprehensive empirical analysis of p
8,000 politicians
Local-level politicians surveyed (three survey waves)
Details
- Promoter
- Hakansson Sandra — website
- Power domain
- Political Power
- Methods / tools
- Awareness-raising, Benchmarking
- Keywords
- political violence, gender and politics, women's representation, local government, violence against politicians, gender equality
Context
This study by Håkansson provides the first comprehensive empirical analysis of physical and psychological violence and intimidation directed at politicians by gender, using survey data on local-level politicians in Sweden.
Results
Based on three waves of survey data covering 8,000 local-level Swedish politicians, the study finds the gender gap in violence is most pronounced at the top of the political hierarchy, with female mayors experiencing far more violence than any other group of politicians, and evidence that women face a higher penalty than men for media visibility and for supporting minorities.
Implementation
- Indicative cost
- Low (< €50k)
- Time to results
- Medium (1–3 years)
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Data sources
Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.
- ProPEGE — Equal Leadership catalogue — accessed 2026-06-14
- Practice website — accessed 2026-06-14
- Promoter website — accessed 2026-06-14
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