Ley Integral para Personas Trans, Art. 12 — Uruguay's 1% Public-Sector Employment Quota for Transgender People

Uruguay's Ley Nº 19.684 (Ley Integral para Personas Trans), passed on 18 October 2018, is a 24-article framework covering health, education, housing, institutional-violence reparation and labour inclusion for transgender people. Article 12 is its central labour-market measure: it reserves 1% of new posts created annually across the Executive, Judiciary, Legislature, Court of Accounts, Electoral Court, Administrative Litigation Tribunal, departmental governments and autonomous/decentralised state entities for transgender candidates, who may enter via lottery, waiting lists, competitive exam or direct hire.
Official monitoring reported to Parliament shows the quota is real but only partially met in practice: in 2021, 9 transgender people entered 5 state organisations under the quota, against an estimated 238 entries that would have been needed that year to fully meet the 1% target. Independent reporting around the law's fourth anniversary (2022) found implementation 'with few advances', uneven across the country, and compliant in only 5 of Uruguay's 19 departments.
The law also created a reparations pension for trans people who suffered institutional violence before 1985, and mandated trans-inclusive curricula and anti-discrimination protocols in education and health services, making the labour quota one strand of a wider legal framework rather than a standalone programme.

Read the full analysis: https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-desarrollo-social/comunicacion/publicaciones/ley-19684-ley-integral-para-personas-trans