Groningen's Traffic Circulation Plan (1977) — Four Sectors Closed to Through Car Traffic in One Night
Netherlands
In 1977 Groningen split its centre into four sectors with no car links between them. Evaluations found car traffic down …
Denmark · Copenhagen · See the Denmark profile · See the Copenhagen profile
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Since 2012 the Capital Region and 27 municipalities have built branded commuter cycle routes. Bicycle accounts show ~23% more riders after upgrades and ~14% of new cyclists previously driving; a socio-economic surplus of EUR 765M is claimed.
The Cycle Superhighways collaboration began in 2009 with 16 municipalities and by 2019 included 27 municipalities plus the Capital Region of Denmark. The plan envisages 45 routes covering about 750 km by 2045; eight routes were in operation in late 2019 with eight more under construction.
The routes use shared standards (continuous, wide surfaces, priority at junctions, service points) so that a commuter crosses municipal borders on one coherent route.
The collaboration publishes a 'bicycle account' for the existing routes. The 2019 account reported about 23% more riders on average after routes were upgraded, and that about 14% of new cyclists previously travelled by car. Average trip length is 11 km at about 19 km/h; 52% of bike commuters are women; the highest recorded weekday count was 29,000 riders.
The collaboration's socio-economic analysis of the full network reports a surplus of EUR 765 million, of which EUR 616 million is health benefit. This is the programme's own analysis and has not been independently replicated in the sources reviewed.
Limits: the 14% car-switch figure is a share of new riders, not of all commuters, and later figures from other measures (e.g. a reported 59% long-term bicycle-traffic increase) use different methods and should not be combined with these. Investment totals were not stated in the sources reviewed.
Read the full analysis: https://supercykelstier.dk/
Implementation detail (cost, timeline, staffing, conditions for success) is not yet available for this practice.
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Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.
Netherlands
In 1977 Groningen split its centre into four sectors with no car links between them. Evaluations found car traffic down …
Belgium
Ghent's April 2017 Circulation Plan split the centre into six sectors and a car-free core to remove through traffic (~40% …
Colombia
Medellín integrated cable-car lines and hillside escalators with neighbourhood upgrading to connect its poorest comunas to the city, cutting homicide …
Austria
Vienna's long-term, legally-binding smart-city strategy (first 2011, updated 2019/2022) aligning resource conservation, quality of life and social inclusion with annual …
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