Programme de Mise à Niveau (PMN) — Tunisia's Three-Decade Industrial Upgrading Scheme
Tunisia
Since 1995, Tunisia's Mise à Niveau programme has co-financed tech and management upgrades for industrial firms — ~7,000 applications (86% …
Spain · Madrid · See the Spain profile · See the Madrid profile
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FEDIT federates 52 technology centres in Spain running applied R&D for client firms; a 2024 Ivie institute study estimated the network's activity generated €7.7 billion in GDP and over 127,000 jobs nationally, via survey and input-output modelling rather than a causal evaluation.
Founded in 1996, FEDIT (Federación Española de Centros Tecnológicos) federates 52 independently governed, non-profit technology centres spread across Spain's regions. In 2024 the network reported combined revenues above 917 million euros, roughly 10,800 professionals (about 8,500 of them researchers), and more than 23,700 applied-innovation projects delivered to roughly 29,000 client companies — most of them acting as the practical bridge between research capability and firms too small to run in-house R&D.
In 2024 FEDIT commissioned the Valencian Institute of Economic Research (Ivie) to quantify the network's economic contribution for the first time using input-output methodology, combining centres' operating-cost data with a fieldwork survey of 169 collaborating companies across 42 participating centres. Ivie estimated a total impact of 7.7 billion euros in GDP and 127,371 full-time-equivalent jobs, split between the direct effect of centres' own operating and investment spending (1.079 billion euros GDP, 19,289 jobs) and the larger effect attributed to increased client sales from technological collaboration (6.623 billion euros GDP, 108,082 jobs), plus 3.947 billion euros in tax and social-contribution revenue.
Because the Ivie figures rest on a cost-based input-output model and a company survey rather than a matched-comparison or randomised evaluation, they represent a modelled estimate of the network's economic footprint rather than a measured causal effect on individual client firms' productivity — a distinction worth flagging for anyone using the figures to judge marginal impact per euro of public support.
Read the full analysis: https://fedit.com/
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Tunisia
Since 1995, Tunisia's Mise à Niveau programme has co-financed tech and management upgrades for industrial firms — ~7,000 applications (86% …
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France
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