What works in Spain

Spain has implemented significant gender-equality reforms across multiple domains. Spain's Equal Non-Transferable Paternity Leave Reform (2017–2021) extended fully paid paternity leave from 2 to 16 weeks with roughly 20 percentage points increase in father uptake, with 75% of fathers now taking leave simultaneously at birth. Spain's Organic Law 1/2004 — Integrated Protection Against Gender Violence (LOVG) established 106 specialised gender-violence courts that handled 2 million complaints and secured 700,000 convictions over 15 years. Spain also supports women's entrepreneurship in scientific-technological fields through Innovatia 8.3, which provides training and entrepreneurship support integrated with gender perspectives.