Good practice Imported

Jakarta's Green Open Space Mandate — A 30% Legal Target the City Has Never Reached

Indonesia · Jakarta · See the Indonesia profile · See the Jakarta profile

Top 99% 13/100 · Ask Evidence Copilot about this practice

Indonesian law has required Jakarta to keep 30% of its area as green open space since 2007. Nearly two decades on, official figures put the city at roughly 5%, illustrating how a well-designed nature-based mandate can fail without enforcement against land-value pressure.

Jakarta's Green Open Space Mandate — A 30% Legal Target the City Has Never Reached

Details

Promoter: DKI Jakarta Provincial Government (Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta)
Period: 2007–present
Keywords: urban green space, spatial planning, stormwater management, green infrastructure regulation

Description

Indonesia's 2007 national Spatial Planning Law (Law No. 26/2007) requires every city to reserve at least 30% of its land as Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) — green open space — split into 20% public and 10% private green space. Jakarta wrote the same target into local regulation, most recently Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 9 of 2022.

Compliance has stayed far below target. Antara News, Indonesia's state news agency, reported RTH at 5.2% of the city's 661.5 km² in 2024, unevenly distributed: East Jakarta reached 26.2% while West Jakarta had only 8.64%. The Jakarta Post documented residents converting private gardens into parking and living space as land values rose, and described enforcement as "rare, especially in residential areas."

The provincial government has responded with incremental additions — 29 new city parks totalling roughly 5.1 hectares planned for 2024 and a pledge to plant more than 20,000 trees — and has set a public target of reaching 30% by 2030. The gap between the two-decade-old legal mandate and today's roughly 5% coverage is itself the lesson: green-space quotas need enforcement mechanisms, not just zoning language, to become real nature-based infrastructure.

Read the full analysis: https://en.antaranews.com/news/309144/green-open-spaces-improve-quality-of-life-in-jakarta-metropolis

Implementation

Implementation detail (cost, timeline, staffing, conditions for success) is not yet available for this practice.

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Data sources

Where this practice's information was retrieved from, and when.

C-NAPSE web research — accessed 2026-08-28
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government (Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta) — accessed 2026-08-28
Antara News — Green open spaces improve quality of life in Jakarta metropolis — accessed 2026-08-28
The Jakarta Post — Despite regulations, Jakarta homeowners concrete over green spaces — accessed 2026-08-28

Attachments

Source image

Quality score: 13/100

How is this calculated?

Top 99% in this catalogue (645 scored practices)

Scores cluster high, so position within the catalogue is often more telling than the number alone.

Evaluation

Evaluated by C-NAPSE

Score profile — the dimensions behind the score — how it's computed

Carbon — sequestration / storage, evidenced0/3

No carbon sequestration figures are reported for Jakarta's RTH; measured coverage remains at roughly 5% of the mandated area.

Biodiversity — conservation / improvement, evidenced0/3

Neither source reports biodiversity monitoring data accompanying the RTH mandate.

Water & soil — retention, infiltration, erosion control1/3

Jakarta's spatial-planning bylaw ties green space to stormwater absorption, but reported compliance (~5.2% vs. a 30% target) shows the water-retention function is largely unrealized.

Fire resilience — risk reduction, evidenced0/3

Not addressed by either source.

Governance, certification & transferability1/3

A codified national law (2007) and a 2022 provincial regulation with district-level monitoring give the mandate real legal and reporting structure, but two independent sources agree enforcement has been weak and the target missed for nearly two decades.