ITRI — Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute and the Origins of TSMC
Taiwan
Taiwan's ITRI, a non-profit applied-research institute founded in 1973, transferred RCA semiconductor technology into two direct spin-offs — UMC (1980) …
Türkiye · Ankara · See the Türkiye profile · See the Ankara profile
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TÜBİTAK's 1513 programme funds Technology Transfer Offices in Turkish universities to commercialise patents and broker licensing deals. It gave 88.3M TL to 20 founding TTOs over five years, but TÜBİTAK's own 2024 review found most had low self-sufficiency.
TUBITAK 1513 is a national programme that funds Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) inside Turkish universities, explicitly to commercialise patents, broker university-industry licensing deals and support spin-off formation. It launched with 20 universities in 2013-2014.
To build sustainable, self-financing university TTO capacity through phased, performance-based co-financing (40-80% depending on measured performance) across two phases ('Institutional Capacity Building' then 'Target Oriented Growth', up to five years each, ten years total support per TTO).
TUBITAK co-finances TTO activity at each participating university, with funding redesigned to be performance-based following a 2016-2017 activity review.
Per TUBITAK's own March 2024 statement, the agency transferred a total of 88.3 million TL to the original 20-university cohort of TTOs over five years. TUBITAK's institutional patent portfolio, much of it processed through this TTO infrastructure, stood at 307 patent applications across 143 patent families in the agency's most recent published count.
TUBITAK's own 2024 statement flagged that most TTOs showed 'low self-sufficiency' per 2016-2017 activity reports, which is why funding was redesigned to be performance-based. Independent peer-reviewed research (Ranga, Temel, Ar, Yesilay & Sukan, 2016) found Turkish university tech-transfer capacity to be early-stage, constrained by low technology/market orientation of research and weak IPR awareness.
National / regional programmes
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Taiwan
Taiwan's ITRI, a non-profit applied-research institute founded in 1973, transferred RCA semiconductor technology into two direct spin-offs — UMC (1980) …
Belgium
KU Leuven's LRD office has backed 199 university spin-offs since the 1980s, employing 7,700+ people; ranked Europe's most innovative university …
Switzerland
ETH Zurich's central tech-transfer office turns university IP into companies: a record 43 spin-offs in 2023, 620 total by 2024, …
Ireland
Knowledge Transfer Ireland publishes standardised annual metrics on how Irish universities license research to industry. Its 2024 survey recorded 221 …
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