El Prat–Llobregat Indirect Potable Reuse — River-Augmentation Drought Response for Barcelona (Spain)
Spain
Under Catalonia's 2020 Emergency Drought Plan, advanced-treated effluent from the El Prat plant is pumped 8km upstream into the Llobregat …
Australia · Bundamba · See the Australia profile
Evidence: Observational / pre–post Top 96% 20/100 · Ask Evidence Copilot about this practice
Built in 2005-2008 as a 232 ML/day drought-emergency network feeding recycled water to power stations, with a never-activated potable link to Wivenhoe Dam, Queensland's AUD 2.5bn scheme was mothballed in 2013 after an independent report found its design unsustainable.
The Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme (WCRWS) in South East Queensland, Australia, was built in response to the 2000s Millennium Drought as regional dam levels fell to around 17% in 2007.
Three advanced water treatment plants (Bundamba, Gibson Island and Luggage Point) fed a network of more than 200 km of pipeline with design capacity of 232 ML/day, supplying primarily the Swanbank and Tarong/Tarong North power stations. A pipeline was also built to allow indirect potable reuse into Wivenhoe Dam if drought worsened, but this link was never operationally activated.
Between August 2007 and July 2010 the scheme supplied over 37,000 ML in total. Capital cost is most commonly cited at around AUD 2.5 billion, with the Australian Government contributing AUD 408 million.
Seqwater placed the scheme into 'care and maintenance' in 2013. An independent Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering report (2013) found the original indirect-potable-reuse design 'overly energy intensive... inefficient and economically unsustainable, particularly if used only for emergency or contingent circumstances', and recommended cheaper direct-potable-reuse alternatives instead. This is included as a documented cautionary case: substantial, independently audited infrastructure that delivered real drought-contingency volumes for several years, but whose core design was independently assessed as economically unsustainable and has sat largely idle, still accruing major fixed costs, for most of the past decade.
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Spain
Under Catalonia's 2020 Emergency Drought Plan, advanced-treated effluent from the El Prat plant is pumped 8km upstream into the Llobregat …
United States of America
OCWD and OCSD's Groundwater Replenishment System purifies treated wastewater via microfiltration, reverse osmosis and UV/advanced oxidation, producing 130 million gallons/day …
Germany
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Brazil
Canopy bridges strung across a 25-30 m pipeline right-of-way in Brazil's São João River Basin protected area recorded 455 common-marmoset …
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