What works in Madagascar

Madagascar has pursued multiple initiatives to strengthen land tenure and environmental protection. CASEF's land-certification programme issued over 570,000 certificates between 2016–2024, reducing certification costs from ~$600 to ~$25 and reaching an estimated 300,000 households, though only 28% of certificates went to women or joint holders against a 40% target. Two forest and mangrove protection projects generate carbon revenue: Makira's REDD+ initiative protects 372,470 hectares and channels 90% of ~USD 1.2M annual carbon revenues to 90,000 people across 120 villages, while Tahiry Honko's mangrove project protects 1,200+ hectares and generates USD 27,000 annually for 12,000+ people. Digital and customs modernisation efforts are also underway, though with limited published outcome data.