A 35-year industry-academia tri-partnership in Penang's semiconductor cluster. Founded 1989 by the state government, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Intel, HP and Motorola; 257,000+ …
George Town, Malaysia
Good practice
Evidence: Observational / pre–post
Top 17%81/100
South Korea's premier R&D cluster in Daejeon — 3,063 tenants, 99,715 employees, 131,644 cumulative patents and 2,057 technology transfers (INNOPOLIS official data, …
Daejeon, South Korea
Good practice
Evidence: Observational / pre–post
Top 17%81/100
one-north is a 200 ha state-planned R&D and innovation district in Queenstown, Singapore. With 400+ leading companies, 800+ startups and ~50,000 knowledge …
Singapore, Singapore
Good practice
Evidence: Observational / pre–post
Top 17%81/100
Porto Digital is a triple-helix ICT and creative-economy cluster in historic Recife Antigo. By 2024, 475 companies employed 21,551 people, generating R$ …
City-owned social innovation campus opened 2015 on a converted government site in Seoul. Hosts 235 organisations and 1,200+ innovators working across energy, …
Seoul, South Korea
Good practice
Evidence: Descriptive / self-reported
Top 17%81/100
Warsaw's city-funded accelerator: 12 editions since 2015, 460+ startups mentored, three Demo Day winners per cohort receive PLN 50,000/30,000/20,000, backed by 100+ …
Oslo's 100%-city-owned business development agency, founded 2014. By 2023 the Oslo startup ecosystem it builds counted 2,051 companies employing 14,300 people, generating …
Oslo, Norway
Good practice
Evidence: Quasi-experimental
Top 17%81/100
Madrid Emprende is the first Economic Development Agency managed of Madrid City Council's General Directorate for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. They are located …
Madrid, Spain
Good practice
Evidence: Descriptive / self-reported
Top 17%81/100